Since fireproof insulation material applies in actual production oneself, produced its main effect, industry personnel and enterprise also threw much research, very much new product is developed in succession. The article basically elaborates the fireproof insulation material of different sort respectively from use temperature, basically be from microtherm, medium lukewarm reach high temperature the fireproof insulation material that 3 administrative levels elaborate different sort.
1. glass cotton insulation material
Vitreous cotton is sound absorption material of heat insolation of a kind of inorganic fiber, production methods has flame standard, vapour to stand blow law and centrifugal gush to play a way. Current, the blaze cotton specific power consumption that because use blaze gush to blow a law to undertake,produces is tall, content of broken bits ball is advanced reason, already was replaced by place of law of centrifugal reel off raw silk from cocoons, specific power consumption of this kind of method is low, without broken bits ball, free from contamination, it is main manufacturing technology. The specific process of this kind of method is: quartz the raw material such as pink, dolomite, soda ash, borax mixes even hind fuse inside frit kiln vitreous fluid, what have the aid of lights gas and air gas mixture to rotate from high speed is centrifugal implement the high speed in nozzle is ejective, through centrifugal implement leaks is swung give fiber; to be next in cricoid firebox pull pull very fine fiber; to pass figuration next, sedimentation, gather, the craft such as gush binder, made vitreous cotton. The chemical composition of vitreous cotton basically is SiO2(≥ 60%) and Al2O3, except oxide of CaO, MgO, alkali metal and B2O3 still are contained to wait for corporeal; its coefficient of thermal conductivity to be between K) of · of 0.037 ～ 0.039W/(m beyond this. Vitreous cotton has particular machine to shape intensity, easily, insulation property is good, fight corrode and fatigue injury, be applied at the domain such as aviation, petrifaction, treatment widely, common upper limit uses temperature in 500 ℃ ～ 600 ℃ are controlled.
Vitreous cotton sketch map
2. mine (cliff) cotton insulation material
Mine (cliff) cotton belongs to mineral cotton, corporeal bases is SiO2 and Al2O3, the others is CaO is mixed a few the material such as MgO, Fe2O3. Cliff cotton is main raw material with the natural igneous rock such as basalt and diabase, try again material of right amount and auxiliary sex, binder, via high temperature melt centrifugal gush is blown making cotton of fiber; cliff basically is to pass gush to blow law, centrifugal process, centrifugal gush to blow law preparation. At present domestic and international mine (cliff) cotton all uses convention to manufacture technology, be about to melt of raw material high temperature becomes liquid state, be blown via gush of high-pressured air, vapour again or high speed centrifugal process makes his fine fibre, receive ore deposit (cliff) the cotton wool of cotton, make cotton wool place need through different technology again board, the series product such as canal, bead. Mine (cliff) cotton is poriferous fibroid structure, make its coefficient of thermal conductivity when room temperature has 0.04W/(m · K) only, having; of good heat proof quality at the same time, cliff cotton board also have particular compressive strength.
Mine (cliff) sound insulation of cotton and heat preservation of heat insolation of its series product, sound absorption, flame retardant, high temperature resistant, not corrupt, not the advantage such as eat by moth makes it by onefold industrial heat preservation is at first adiabatic march to the special domain such as nuclear reactor, shipping, sound absorption board. Mine (cliff) cotton uses temperature to be under 600 ℃ normally, upper limit uses temperature to be able to amount to 650 ℃ , it is current use relatively general heat preservation heat-insulating material domestic and internationally. Now more it is to apply in the building that has demand of fire prevention grade, for example Nordic all makes dosage achieves 20kg, under photograph comparing, our country mine (cliff) the consumption of average per capita of cotton is very low still. Domestic mine (cliff) the cotton application in heat preservation of the wall outside the building is photogenic later than starting at European country, the Gansu Province of Lanzhou builds scientific academy office building outside wall heat preservation is home compares early application in this respect, the result is favorable; although this is controlled 20 years later than abroad, but in last few years, domestic mine (cliff) cotton industry introduces technology of foreign advanced production extensively, devote oneself to mine actively (cliff) the development development of cotton, had obtained rapid development. Cliff cotton is divided outside be being used as insulation material alone, still can wait for material to be made by certain proportion with fiber of phenolic aldehyde colophony, Jute mix model composite material.
Sketch map
Insulation material of calcic heat insulation of 3. silicon acid
Siliceous calcic heat insulating materials calls small hole silicon acid calcic heat-insulating material again, the raw material that make is the silicon qualitative raw material such as lime, asbestine commonly, the process that make shows 1 times like the graph:
Siliceous calcic adiabatic insulation material makes a process
Outside removing afore-mentioned meanses, the remain in also can be being produced with industry discards fragment of broken bits of solid photograph object, pottery and porcelain, marble passes specific technology to be made silicon acid is calcic for raw material material. Siliceous calcic heat-insulating material is fireproof heat preservation, unit weight is little, high temperature environment falls to still have particular mechanical strength, it is the insulation material with a kind of good performance, the hot project that waits for an industry in metallurgy, shipping is having wide application on equipment.
Sketch map
The coefficient of thermal conductivity of siliceous calcic material is controlled in 0.05W/(m · K) , can divide by use temperature for microtherm model with high temperature model two kinds: Microtherm bases of adiabatic insulation material is snow calcic stone, also weigh Tuobeimolaishi, its structural formula is 5H2O of · of 5CaO · 6SiO2, upper limit uses temperature to control; high temperature use temperature to be able to achieve 1000 ℃ left and right sides in 650 ℃ , its bases is hard silicon calcic stone, structural formula is H2O of · of 6CaO · SiO2. Microtherm heat-insulating material basically applies on petrifaction industry, and high temperature siliceous calcic adiabatic insulation material basically applies in equipment of metallurgy, industry and conduit, chemical industry classy. Siliceous calcic adiabatic insulation material the Ouwensi from the United States - Kang Ning fiber - vitreous company (the time that OwensCorningFiber-Galss) takes the lead in considering to come out to have up to now nearly 70 years, the our country research in this respect is from on the century begins seventies, basically be to use pouring law development holds Bomolaishi fireproof insulation material in the palm, pass the indefatigable effort of researcher, siliceous calcic insulation material gets rapid development in 80 time metaphase. Current, industry personnel has been developed went out to exceed heat-insulating material of calcic heat preservation of slight aperture silicon acid and siliceous calcium application of calcic material of silicon acid of; of makings of fire proof panel of heat insulation of aperture of compound accept rice is wide, research direction of future basically is the siliceous calcium that exceeds water of light, abhor, high strenth, tall heat insulation heat insulating materials.
Insulation material of 4. compound silicate
Compound silicate is fireproof insulation material is seal the reticulate structure material that shuts pass with solid matrix connective, basically be with the special type of aluminium magnesium silicate metalloid mine is base makings, mix into assists material and stuff stuff into ration, rejoin is appropriate and chemical additive preparation and become material. Because it has the structure of shape of small hole pattern that close,having heat preservation character is, mix with electrostatic principle commonly wet craft wait for preparation of mineral raw material with Xuan Wushi, Bai Yushi. Its are main chemical composition is SiO2 and MgO, and a few the coefficient of thermal conductivity of; room temperature such as Fe2O3, CaO, Al2O3, MnO2 is 0.031W/(m · K) , the coefficient of thermal conductivity when 350 ℃ is 0.117W/(m · K) . Compound silicate material is flame retardant and adiabatic, mechanical on have certain tension anti-impact properties, the industry; such as gold of commonly used Yu Ye, electric power, chemical industry mixes agitate gelation filter-press to shape dry finished product the heat preservation besides equipment of general heating power, it is mixed to different equipment a few nonstandard equipment also is having main effect, the actor that is heat-insulating material selects a product. In recent years, coating of compound silicate heat preservation also had rapid development and wide application, if rare earth is compound insulation material.
FBT(rare earth) set is complex insulation material is patent product, it with mineral it is raw material with a variety of chemical reagents, via a kind of white that special technology makes or hoar ropy shape creams body; normal temperature or high temperature condition fall all but construction, apply to the hot project facilities such as all sorts of conduit, heating furnace and traditional insulation material to masty abnormity valve, indoor special pipe and change the equipment such as diameter canal, construction is simple, dry hind be united in wedlock cheek by jowl with equipment itself, anti-corrosive, waterproof, without air hole and aperture, service life is long, and can rise arrive favorable adiabatic result, upper limit uses temperature to be able to amount to 1200 ℃ .
Meerschaum kind insulation material is the favorable positive result in the compound silicate heat-insulating material that the near future studies to come out, depend on heat preservation heat insolation, stability of high temperature bulk, fight erode wait for a lot of and exceedingly good function condition, position is occupied in industry of fireproof insulation material, have wide applied market. The application with wide also product of series of other and compound silicate at heat preservation industry, normally its use temperature in 600 ℃ ～ 700 ℃ are controlled.
Insulation material of pearlite of 5. closed pore
Closed pore pearlite is to choose natural pearlite mine is made through a series of sophisticated technology, its process: → of pearlite raw ore smashs choose multistage of → of warm-up of pearlite mine arenaceous → to heat → expands Bo changes → refrigeration to handle → finished product. If its bases is expressed 1.
Express bases of pearlite of 1 closed pore and content
Closed pore pearlite expands after agglomeration, show Bo to change globose and interior is the hollow structure that close, heat through accurate control namely temperature and time, make mine arenaceous in short when inside expand quickly, interior forms beehive shape structure, the shallow be in harmony that express dissolve is formed close stomatic, exterior Bo changes grain of small pellet shape, as irregular as the appearance, the surface is much emptier expand pearlite photograph is compared, closed pore pearlite has bibulous rate low, intensity is advanced advantage, coefficient of thermal conductivity arrives in 0.047W/(m · K) between 0.054W/(m · K) ; has sound insulation of environmental protection, sound absorption, heat preservation to be not lighted plus it, pledge gently poriferous, stream medicinal powder quality good, compressive strength is advanced advantage, make it OK the stuff stuff of the heat preservation aggregate that serves as firebrick and furnace kiln thermal insulation. Fireproof degree be as high as 1360 ℃ , normally pearlite kind product use temperature is controlled for 800 ℃ .
Closed pore expands pearlite basically is as heat preservation aggregate is mixed add fireproof kind material makes new-style heat-insulating material, if mortar of firebrick of pearlite heat preservation, heat preservation reachs heat preservation concrete,wait. Brick of pearlite heat preservation is closed pore pearlite and fireproof aggregate mix, add appropriate bond, stabilizing agent and solidify agent to wait make brick of light qualitative heat preservation, performance of this kind of firebrick is good, have better actual application, it is material of body of wall of a kind of new-style industry. Heat preservation mortar is will right amount closed pore expands the insulation material that pearlite adds in mortar to be made, it is having qualitative light heat insolation, flame retardant high temperature resistant with setting time short wait for an advantage, at present mortar of heat preservation of closed pore pearlite obtained good positive result in this respect. If light qualitative adiabatic heat preservation is pouring makings patent is medium (patent date: CN102503467A) uses closed pore pearlite to regard heat preservation as aggregate (content 10% ～ 30%) , additional join Molaishi collosol of water glass of hollow ball, tall aluminous cement, solid, aluminous silicon make heat preservation pouring makings, construction is simple, heat preservation heat proof quality is good. Cast production to mix pearlite of lieutenant general closed pore and fireproof aggregate by certain proportion make heat preservation rising head and heat preservation allowance, can improve cast quality, reduce manufacturing process. Globose closed pore is joined to expand in concrete pearlite reachs the agent that decrease water, fight in what do not affect material itself lose a sex, fight the premise that controls the mechanical function such as the gender to fall, can remove heat insolation to fall the action of a confusion of voices.
6. floats bead kind fireproof insulation material
Float bead it is fly ash is in inside power plant boiler when combustion, the dehydrate below high temperature environment, melt becomes small droplet, form; of perfectly round sphere to pass a variety of physico-chemical reaction below air action, generated gas expands inside sphere, coordinate exterior tension action again, sphere turns hollow glass into bubble, next rapid refrigeration, sclerotic, the vitreous state that forms high vacuum eventually floats hollowly bead. Bases is SiO2 and Al2O3, still contain Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, TiO2, K2O and Na2O to wait, among them silicon aluminous oxide occupies 80% above. Of different producing area float bead its material content, colour and lustre has a bit different, great majority is to show hoar, baobi is hollow, the surface closes and have the globose grain of burnish of pearl of transparent translucent white glossily, its coefficient of thermal conductivity is 0.065W/(m · K) . Fly ash floats bead have unit weight small, fireproof degree tall, flame retardant, be able to bear or endure erode, the character such as insulation of high strenth, heat preservation, it is to use one of extensive fireproof raw material, on the industrial kiln furnace that waits for a branch in metallurgy, oil, mechanical, heat treatment especially and the heat preservation allowance in casting production. Normally the circumstance falls, float bead kind the working temperature of insulation material not prep above 1000 ℃ .
Abroad to floating bead kind the development of goods considers to begin at going up century metaphase, basically be to study fly ash floats bead form function of mechanism, chemical physics, adiabatic mechanism [26] and in order to float bead give priority to those who want heat preservation aggregate to bleach the fireproof material such as bead brick. Country is right float bead research photograph is more backward to abroad, the academic knowledge of a lot of respects is the document that drew lessons from abroad, but, pass old research to develop, also gained a lot of success, float bead heat preservation brick, float bead complex insulation material and float bead adiabatic coating develops a success in succession. If float in a little patent product bead the coefficient of thermal conductivity of brick of fireproof heat preservation can fluctuate in 0.18W/(m · K) , normal temperature compressive strength achieves 5MPa, thermal shock stability 800 ℃ air is cold frequency of 10 minutes can achieve; Chu Lin 30 times [27] floats in aluminous phosphate bead in research, with phosphoric acid 2 hydrogen aluminium is bond, hydroted alumina floats one kind for solidify agent preparation bead insulation material, data compressive strength can achieve 4.346MPa, bulk density 0.517g/cm3, li Wendan of K); of · of 0.069W/(m of coefficient of thermal conductivity float with fly ash bead used legal system of precipitation of blame homogeneous phase to have for matrix of high fever reflectivity outside coating of wall heat insolation.
Qualitative heat-insulating material of 7. accept Mi Konggui
Aeriform heat is conducted and the heat of material of thermal convection current, solid is conducted is material deliver caloric main avenue, because this explores a kind can at the same time block up material all sorts of conducting heat the new material of means is crucial place, through the researcher ceaseless effort studies, next the eye shot that silicon of accept rice aperture pledges heat-insulating material enters people.
Air and body of greater part atmolysis although the thermal conductance when static condition is very small, but the scope that the existence of thermal convection current increased quantity of heat to deliver, and size of small hole of gel of gas of the SiO2 in qualitative heat insulating materials of accept Mi Konggui is less than 50nm, small hole measure is adequate small and the average and free Cheng that is less than aeriform element, make do not happen between aeriform element collision or collision odds very small, cannot undertake convection conducts heat basically, thereby the heat that block broke aeriform molecule conducts; silicon to enrage gel character the small hole structure of this one ideal makes its coefficient of thermal conductivity below normal temperature is in 0.03 ～ between 0.05W/(m · K) , even lower than airy thermal conductance; and it still has below normal temperature good pervious to light quality, and the function that screens infrared ray. Do not have so finalize the design SiO2 became small hole of preparation accept rice by right of advantage of its unique structure feature and itself performance the main body material of heat insulating materials, the accept rice aperture of heat insulating materials carries the accept rice that gets applied actually at present body is SiO2 gas gel. Gas gel is more with vacuum heat insulation board (VIP) is called to be more advanced together, the heat insulating materials that has development perspective very much. Enrage aperture of gel accept rice at SiO2 relatively heat-insulating material, gas phase SiO2 is aperture of preparation accept rice the;AbeH.Y of another research direction of heat-insulating material. Wait to be main raw material with gas phase SiO2, siC is shading agent, it is intensifier without alkaline fibre glass, pass preparation of dry process craft poriferous heat insulating materials of accept rice SiO2, the fracture stress of its goods achieves 1.58MPa, the coefficient of thermal conductivity when 400 ℃ is 0.0282W/m · K, porosity is 80.1% . Home also has very big gain to heat-insulating material of SiO2 of rice of accept of preparation of gas phase law, the person such as Feng Jinpeng uses vapor evaporate to raise a law to make accept rice SiO2 with the material such as body of pink of accept rice SiO2, SiC poriferous heat insulating materials. Silicon of accept rice aperture pledges heat-insulating material is depending on his to pledge gently, poriferous, heat proof quality is good wait for a lot of advantage, this kind of light qualitative poriferous heat insulating materials is in the research target; that became a lot of researchers the industry such as aerospace, shipping, building has very large development space. This kind of material can fall to be used for a long time in environment of 950 ℃ high temperature, higher temperature can achieve 1025 ℃ , even a few it is OK to optimize profile to expect work for some time below environment of 1200 ℃ high temperature.
8. vermiculite heat-insulating material
Vermiculite is acerbity salt of aluminium of iron, magnesian hydrous silicon kind mineral, basically be the hot fluid corrode such as biotite, phlogopite and clay mineral change or efflorescent child, also be a little by base sexual cliff suffers acidity magma erode metamorphism and become [34] . Current, the application of vermiculite still basically is body expands now on vermiculite, expand vermiculite is vermiculite classics expands (make pare again cent) the child after craft, call again in abroad pare minute of vermiculite, use physical method and chemical method generally domestic and internationally to undertake paring dividing to vermiculite, pare the child after cent calls heat to expand respectively vermiculite and chemistry pare minute of vermiculite, fall integratedly quite, latter specific power consumption is opposite at former and inferior, and the structure that this method won't destroy vermiculite.
Vermiculite is layer shape structure more, the vermiculite layer after expanding piece a layer of available gas interval, have adiabatic effect, its coefficient of thermal conductivity is between K) of 0.04 ～ 0.12W/(m · , hot insulating properties is good, the melting point that at the same time it is as high as 1400 ℃ and low make to the density of 0.9g/cm3 it is having fundamental application on light simple stuff and fire prevention heat-insulating material, can regard thermal insulation as it alone not only, still can mix suppress to be used into heat-insulating material with the bond such as water glass, cement, also regard the inserts of thermal insulation as it sometimes, but because product strength is insufficient tall, general need not at bearinging structural; uses temperature general not prep above 1100C. In addition, expand the acoustical insulating properties of vermiculite and adsorptive sex let it there also is application in the respect such as deadening and sorbent.
2009, the person such as Zhou Guofu studies development goes a kind to expand vermiculite fire prevention board, fire prevention board is good flame retardant defend performance of 8 lukewarm high strenth, the application of bilge vermiculite just stays on aggregate, inserts not just, still can make the; such as the board that is used at fire prevention, sound absorption, partition like lumber after this kind of fire prevention board issues working 5h in the high temperature of 1150C, measure so that its compressive strength is 1.61MPa, intensity index is more than the strength demand of concerned heat insulating materials, market development perspective is wide.
Aluminous fiber of 9. silicon acid is fireproof insulation material
Siliceous aluminous fireproof fiber calls fiber of pottery and porcelain again, it is SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, Na2O that its basically are comprised, among them SiO2 and Al2O3 occupy 95% above, fe2O3 is occupied about 0.98% , k2O and Na2O are occupied about 0.5% . Surface of siliceous aluminous fibrous is slick, matter of in-house solid photograph exists with successive framework form, coordinate the air of low thermal conductance in clearance, had heat preservation effect. Producing method of siliceous aluminous fireproof fibrous is will handpick anxious lapidary raw material melt in the electric stove of 2000 ℃ above, use gush to blow again or centrifugal the fiber that waits for a method to make is changed. Siliceous aluminous fireproof fiber can be divided with use temperature according to its composition it is 3 kinds, if the watch shows 2 times:
Express classification of 2 siliceous aluminous fireproof fiber
Come nearly a few years, because silicon acid is aluminous fibrous is admirable function, high speed of domestic and international siliceous aluminous industry develops, new-style product appears in succession, wait like rope of paper of felt of siliceous aluminous fiber, fiber, fiber. The research of siliceous aluminium also fetched very big gain, high temperature resistant temperature also raises 1800 ℃ from 1300 ℃ , higher even temperature. In addition, it is raw material with siliceous aluminous fireproof fiber, the fireproof fiber paper that deserves to wait for preparation with bond, stabilizing agent can regard high temperature environment as material of medium heat-insulating material, amortize, still can make tubal form and all sorts of different insulation material reach cast the material such as heat preservation rising head. Use paper of siliceous aluminous fiber in aerospace implement it is at present the company is in the studies one of; United States corundum of forward position on thermal insulation the research of this respect is relatively thorough. And paper of siliceous aluminous fiber is to use the fiber of pottery and porcelain of tall purity to be made, each good performance of fiber paper lets it there also is fundamental application in domain of high temperature heat insolation.
Sketch map
Outside removing afore-mentioned insulation material, coating of mortar of diatomite insulation material, heat preservation, heat preservation and concrete of pottery and porcelain there also is extensive applied; in industry of fireproof heat preservation especially insulation material of concrete of pottery and porcelain uses vermiculite, fly ash to do filling, silicon aluminium acerbity salt does the research of binder, make material has low thermal conductance and taller heatproof shake property.
Huge market demand is promoting the rapid development of fireproof insulation material, but a lot of problem also appeared in developing a process, the exploitation do not have foreword that is like fireproof raw material and undeserved use brought about serious resource to waste; environment problem to had been not solved, use expire, the deserted and fireproof data that is destroyed has not gotten the; such as appropriate processing accordingly " green, high-powered " it is a standard that will judge stand or fall of fireproof insulation material henceforth. Divide this beyond, majority of fireproof insulation material is loose and poriferous, the space in material holds very large proportion, material is when moisture of bring into contact with, the meeting is many and bibulous, because the coefficient of thermal conductivity of water is far,be more than air, this can affect the heat preservation performance of material badly, the method that solves at present is to be in insulation material is outer add buy waterproof layer, this raised cost, material itself is so bibulous rate is low, the abhor the depth that has scanty water characteristic is fireproof insulation material also is a main research goal. Current, the market is diversiform to the requirement of fireproof insulation material, like furnace kiln wall fireproof insulation material is having tall fireproof degree, low thermal conductance, good heatproof shake sex, be able to bear or endure erode wait for superior mechanical performance and lesser bulk density, construction is convenient, and the requirement; such as avirulent environmental protection so, high-powered muti_function, price of environmental protection, sex is compared tall compound model fireproof insulation material is sure the target that is domestic and international development and heat.
Get Price
WhatsApp