The meaning with true COREX is: Achieve the goal of puddling directly with coal as the sources of energy. In formal name, CO, RE, EX represents Coal- coal respectively, reductionn- ultimate goal of reductive, Extreme- . The powdery ore deposit that place of blast furnace puddling uses and natural resources are scarce the fine coal that be short of, must become agglomeration mine and coking plant to become its agglomeration coking plant coke through sintering plant agglomeration respectively; And COREX does not need sintering plant and coking plant, can use a natural mine and lump coal directly, the organic matter of coal piece interior can fill minute of splitting decomposition below high temperature, prevent the generation of the pollutant such as tar, phenolic, cyanogen, simple substance sulfur also enters slag for the most part, reduce environmental pollution greatly. Accordingly, to law of blast furnace puddling, COREX melt is reductive the characteristic with puddling the most apparent technology is puddling does not use coke, need not of coking plant working procedure and agglomeration working procedure auxiliary, flow and working procedure decrease relatively, cost investment and manpower are used reduce relatively, the sources of energy is used up and pollution is discharged reduce relatively, with process of whole puddling of traditional blast furnace photograph comparing decreases 13% .
Graph 1 sketch map
Principle of job of furnace of 1. Europe smelt metal
Equipment of COREX furnace whole and blast furnace have a lot of similarities and differences to nod, include to go up grade of broken bits of makings, taphole, water, water treatment wants facility inside both without too big difference, former main body facility besides gas purify with temperature adjustment system, still include the reductive shaft furnace of upside and stove of lower melt aerification, be equivalent to a blast furnace fractionation becoming two parts. COREX furnace molten iron produces process cent to be two phase, a mine, pellet, dissolvent is joined in the coping of reductive shaft furnace, with mid entered high temperature is gas produce oxidation the sponge iron after reductive reaction is carried from lower helix implement eduction, the coping of melt aerification furnace accepts lump coal and sponge iron, bottom has oxygen to be roused in form environment of high temperature oxygen boosting, the greatest pressure is mixed inside furnace taphole temperature does not exceed respectively 0.5MPa and 1470 ℃ , gas the temperature before opening other vessel is in 950 ℃ above, bottom taphole undertakes final broken bits, iron departs, to ore be first reductive hind melt, after be not Xian Rong be in harmony reductive. The major high temperature that aerification furnace produces is gas the reductive shaft furnace that enters upside through conduit eduction, little part and the tail gas that set upright roof ministry eduction mix form output gas, offer the other product line of steely factory to use through the sources of energy can serving as 2 times after a series of processing.
Graph melt of 2 Ou Ye furnace are reductive refine ironwork art flow chart
The ferreous raw material that uses in COREX flow and fuel are mine of a natural mine, pellet, agglomeration and blame respectively cooking coal or a few Jiao Li. According to batch of feed in raw material, iron ore is loaded beforehand reductive shaft furnace, pure oxygen of the blame cooking coal that joins in melt aerification furnace and industry produces combustion reaction, the coal form that releases and the quantity of heat that fusion place needs, the reductive gas of generation makes sponge iron with ore reaction inside reductive shaft furnace, the quantity of heat of fusion forms inside aerification furnace " cooking factory " perhaps saying is existence the knot anxious place of a coal, this place is similar to the coke bed layer of blast furnace, rise to heighten molten iron temperature and the effect that have factitious effective adjusting control to molten iron composition, this is the main component that combustion brings, absolutely ability yields the molten iron that is similar to blast furnace. In addition, high temperature is gas the existence of dust catcher, can make half only reductive tail gas and cooling and gas mixture gas not only, through annular surround a canal to enter depart with dust before reductive shaft furnace beforehand, after dust passes catharsis, in returning aerification furnace, be relapsed use and do not enter gas carried conduit.
Puddling of furnace of 2. Europe smelt metal uses fireproof data
Current, place of technology of reductive to melt puddling uses the research of fireproof material and application to have not give enough attention, very big because scholars basically emphasize particularly on to reach smelt craft at solving flow to develop,one part reason is, and major iron bath eventually the smelt environment inside reductive furnace is quite harsh: Although melt is reductive the career that reaction and aeriform production make is faster, 2 times combustion causes fuel temperature of place of wall of close furnace of the atmosphere inside furnace is as high as 1800 ℃ , and low oxygen cent is pressed cause likely contain carbon or be not oxide the high temperature of fireproof material oxidizes, a few the to hydrate of fireproof material high temperature that the likelihood causes vapor to reach CaO to be bases with MgO. In addition, system of high strenth agitate increased the liquidity of fuse-element, bubble is slaggy alkalinity is low and the FeO that contains 4%-13% is right of the fireproof material of lining erode and erode wait a moment relatively badly; In COREX law in inchoate smelt process, the fireproof data that lining uses has SiC qualitative, aluminous chromic brick, MgO-C brick. Although MgO-C goods not only high temperature intensity and be able to bear or endure flake performance is superior, and fight alkaline aggressivity strong, but be oxidized euqally easily with SiC brick, aluminous chromic brick appears easily also the phenomenon that heat flakes.
In shaft furnace mid, enlisting in army as a result of the MgO-C of liner the process is incidental to hydrate reaction, the phenomenon that appeared to flake then, wait for a problem to save cost, siC material has replaced his. As the expert's further related fireproof material research and exploration, in thinking zirconium corundum goods has latent capacity to become COREX lukewarm beforehand the first selection that reductive shaft furnace uses fireproof data, this kind of goods not only in-house crystal structure is compact, density and unit weight are great, burn systole and decrescent of high temperature squirm again, and heatproof shake performance is superior, in enlistment machinery the chemical stability with extremely tall, high intensity is reached fight alkalescent medium to erode, these character make its are paid close attention to by scholastic place gradually. Inside melt aerification furnace, its lining structure is area of bed of hearth, crucible, coke and headroom area by next consummate and main component (contain vault) 4 place. Regard COREX as the crucial equipment of furnace, hearth and crucible are the brick of big charcoal of dry build by laying bricks or stones with cup of pottery and porcelain euqally, the setting buries locate pouring the drying-out canal in makings, and water-cooling canal is in furnace motherboard upside, cooling wall backside is do as one pleases pouring makings; Iron mouth and oxygen mouth are assorted brick structure, and oxygen mouth is body of firebrick build by laying bricks or stones to below vault half; On vault half are the layer of makings of steel fibrous spray that contains 3 ％ , temperature of the job when enlisting in army normally achieved 1100 ℃ above; Because temperature of the whole inside aerification furnace is high, bring about serious to including to combine firebrick and the lining that spray expects inside to erode. Consider to discover, siAlON union corundum pledges material is had fight corrode of molten iron frit admirably, fight alkaline, fight blast furnace broken bits to erode, fight the function such as oxidation and heatproof shake, make cup of pottery and porcelain of crucible of furnace of aerification of current COREX melt and the high-powered fireproof material with indispensable lining of half anxious bed gradually [38] . Altogether, 2 combustion of fuel bring about the temperature inside COREX furnace not only tall and wave motion is big, and yielding slag amount is larger, alkalinity is inferior, fuse-element fluidity is great, reason lining material needs the Wen Jiang in having to spend tall, wear-resisting caustic, heatproof shake and fight the characteristic with can exceedingly good aggressivity.
Opposite at traditional blast furnace, COREX furnace has a lot of advantages. Above all, it is OK and managing the sources of energy and raw material, those who reduce carbon dioxide and other and harmful material discharge, reduce environmental burden thereby; Next, its reaction efficiency is tall, gas in contained a few valuable chemical, be like methanol, hydric etc can get using, raised resource utilization rate; Finally, its investment and moving cost is relatively inferior, because this has better economic benefits. The COREX furnace application in iron and steel industry is wider and wider also, had made one of technologies of ideal of domestic and international steely business at present.
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